Lapis Lazuli |
Badakhshan (Afghanistan) — imported |
Both (Inlay & Imarti) |
Deep blue petals, large background panels, high-value highlights |
Malachite |
Imported (DRC, Russia) / traded |
Both |
Rich green veins for leaves and decorative bands |
Mother of Pearl |
Coastal ports (Mumbai, Chennai) — sourced from shells |
Both |
Pearly highlights, fine floral details, contrast on white marble |
Agate |
Khambhat / Bhavnagar (Gujarat) — common in India |
Both |
Striped/varied tones used for petals, borders, outlines |
Carnelian (Coral) |
Khambhat (Gujarat) / imported |
Both |
Warm orange-red elements, flower centers, accent pieces |
Jasper |
Rajasthan (Bikaner area) / imported |
Both |
Opaque reds/browns used for background & geometric motifs |
Onyx |
Pakistan / Iran / some Rajasthan sources |
Both (often borders) |
Black or banded onyx for strong outlines and contrast |
Turquoise |
Iran / Afghanistan — commonly imported |
Both |
Blue-green highlights for floral or geometric motifs |
Quartz (rose / clear) |
India & imported sources |
Both |
Translucent pieces for subtle fills and accents |
Sodalite |
Imported (Brazil / Russia) |
Both |
Deep blue alternative to lapis for accents |
Amethyst |
Imported (Brazil / Uruguay) |
Both |
Purple tones for small focal elements in designs |
Tiger's Eye |
Imported (South Africa, Brazil) |
Both |
Chatoyant browns/golds for textured effects |
Chalcedony |
Various (imported / India) |
Both |
Soft blue/grey fills and subtle background tones |
Serpentine |
Rajasthan / imported |
Both |
Green shades for foliage and stems |
Marble (colored varieties) |
Makrana (Rajasthan) & other quarries |
Both (base + inlay pieces) |
Colored marbles used as both base and inlay pieces (reds, blacks, greens) |
Geodes / Polished stones |
Varied / imported |
Imarti (often) |
Used as larger statement pieces in imarti-style panels |
Other semi-precious (onyx variants, chalcopyrite, etc.) |
Domestic & imported sources |
Both |
Used depending on color palette needed |